This post has been updated in a newer posts, which address most comments and clarify what exactly is going on:

UPDATED POST

Original post:

There were some great suggestions in the comments to my original post and I've tried some of them, but the one that, in my opinion, really puts the nail in the coffin, is this one:

I photoshopped one moon next to another (to see if one moon would get the AI treatment, while another would not), and managed to coax the AI to do exactly that.

This is the image that I used, which contains 2 blurred moons: https://imgur.com/kMv1XAx

I replicated my original setup, shot the monitor from across the room, and got this: https://imgur.com/RSHAz1l

As you can see, one moon got the "AI enhancement", while the other one shows what was actually visible to the sensor - a blurry mess

I think this settles it.

EDIT: I've added this info to my original post, but am fully aware that people won't read the edits to a post they have already read, so I am posting it as a standalone post

EDIT2: Latest update, as per request:

1) Image of the blurred moon with a superimposed gray square on it, and an identical gray square outside of it - https://imgur.com/PYV6pva

2) S23 Ultra capture of said image - https://imgur.com/oa1iWz4

3) Comparison of the gray patch on the moon with the gray patch in space - https://imgur.com/MYEinZi

As it is evident, the gray patch in space looks normal, no texture has been applied. The gray patch on the moon has been filled in with moon-like details.

It's literally adding in detail that weren't there. It's not deconvolution, it's not sharpening, it's not super resolution, it's not "multiple frames or exposures". It's generating data.